ABSTRACT
BackgroundBy March 2023, 54 countries, areas and territories (thereafter "CAT") reported over 2.2 million coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe (1). Here, we estimate how many lives were directly saved by vaccinating adults in the Region, from December 2020 through March 2023. MethodsWe estimated the number of lives directly saved by age-group, vaccine dose and circulating Variant of Concern (VOC) period, both regionally and nationally, using weekly data on COVID-19 mortality and COVID-19 vaccine uptake reported by 34 CAT, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) data from the literature. We calculated the percentage reduction in the number of expected and reported deaths. FindingsWe found that vaccines reduced deaths by 57% overall (CAT range: 15% to 75%), representing [~]1.4 million lives saved in those aged [≥]25 years (range: 0.7 million to 2.6 million): 96% of lives saved were aged [≥]60 years and 52% were aged [≥]80 years; first boosters saved 51%, and 67% were saved during the Omicron period. InterpretationOver nearly 2.5 years, most lives saved by COVID-19 vaccinationwere in older adults by first booster dose and during the Omicron period, reinforcing the importance of up-to-date vaccination among these most at-risk individuals. Further modelling work should evaluate indirect effects of vaccination and public health and social measures. FundingThis work was supported by a US Centers for Disease Control cooperative agreement (Grant number 6 NU511P000936-02-020), who had no role in data analysis or interpretation. DisclaimerThe authors affiliated with the World Health Organization (WHO) are alone responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions or policies of the WHO. Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSSince first identified in late 2019, COVID-19 has caused disproportionately high mortality rates in older adults. With the rapid development and licensing of novel COVID-19 vaccines, immunization campaigns across the WHO European Region started in late 2020 and early 2021, initially targeting the most vulnerable and exposed populations, including older adults, people with comorbidities and healthcare professionals. Several studies have estimated the number of lives saved by COVID-19 vaccination, both at national and multi-country level in the earlier stages of the pandemic. However, only one multi-country study has assessed the number of lives saved beyond the first year of the pandemic, particularly when the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) circulated, a period when vaccination coverage was high in many countries, areas and territories (CAT), but COVID-19 transmission was at its highest. Added value of this studyHere we quantified the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in adults by age-group, vaccine dose and period of circulation of VOC, across diverse settings, using real world data reported by 34 CAT in the WHO European Region for the period December 2020 to April 2023. We estimated that COVID-19 vaccination programs were associated with a 57% reduction (CAT range: 15% to 75%) in the number of deaths among the [≥]25 years old, representing over 1.5 million lives saved (range: 0.7 million to 2.6 million) in 34 European CAT during the first 2.5 years following vaccine introduction. The first booster savedthe most lives (721,122 / 1,408,967, (57%) of all lives saved). The [≥]60 years old age group accounted for 96% of the total lives saved (1,349,617 / 1,408,967) whereas the [≥]80 years old age group represented 52% of the total lives saved (728,858 / 1,408,967 lives saved) and 67% of all lives were saved during the Omicron period (942,571 / 1,408,967). Implications of all the available evidenceOur results reinforce the importance of up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination, particularly among older age-groups. Communication campaigns supporting COVID-19 vaccination should stress the value of COVID-19 vaccination in saving lives to ensure vulnerable groups are up-to-date with vaccination ahead of periods of potential increased transmission.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background: The accuracy of individual test results affects the reliability of epidemiological indicators during pandemics. Therefore, the performance of test facilities and test systems must be continuously monitored. In this respect, external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are unique data sources, and their providers may serve as valuable contact for non-EQA inquiries on technical-analytical topics. However, the epidemiological importance of EQA during pandemics has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Seventeen publications on SARS-CoV-2 virus genome detection EQA schemes were evaluated for their content of information which was aggregated and classified as “ relevant ”, “ conditionally relevant ” or “ imperceptibly relevant ” for the quality of public health microbiology. The effort required to report on any missing information was estimated. Extra-EQA services of EQA providers were also assessed for their epidemiological relevance. Findings: Publications contained six to nine of the ten information criteria classified as relevant for public health microbiology. The effort required to report missing information appeared low. Information classified as epidemiologically conditionally relevant was collected only from dedicated EQA rounds. Extra-EQA services from EQA providers seemed particularly important in times of a pandemic. Interpretation Professional operation of non-EQA services and competent design of EQA schemes by their providers ensure that test facilities receive the best possible support during pandemics and that relevant information on the performance of infection diagnostics is made available. The importance of EQA for public health emergency response is therefore evident. Funding None.